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From http://observer.guardian.co.uk/world/story/0,,2015595,00.html

The Observer
Sunday February 18, 2007

The pain is hardest to take at night, says V Kala, as she lifts the crumpled folds of her faded cotton sari to expose a 13 inch scar across her midriff. 'I lie awake in agony scratching and clutching at the side of my body. Sometimes it feels like it is still there, throbbing inside of me. It's at this time I feel most alone with what I've done. The doctors told me to expect that. I don't want sympathy or kind words. I want you to understand why I have put myself through this. It was my decision to sell my kidney. My family was drowning in debt.'

Just over a month ago, Kala, 32, a mother of three, had stood shaking with fear in Chennai's decrepit Kaliappa hospital. With her were an organ broker, a local advocate clutching her sworn affidavit saying that the recipient was a relative, a doctor and the elderly patient her kidney was destined for.

'The broker told me not to bring anyone close to me, in case they changed my mind. The only person in the room I could relate to was the dying woman lying on the bed. What struck me as surprising was her age,' said Kala. 'She was 80, from a Brahmin caste. She looked rich, like she'd had a good life. She told me she wanted to live longer to see her grandchildren in America. I wanted to help; now I feel betrayed. I've inherited her suffering.'

Kala walks painfully back towards her dismal concrete hut in Ernavoor, a desolate fishing village an hour's drive north of Chennai. Trapped on a sliver of mud between the ocean and the Adyar river, it is one of many poor hamlets strung along the Bay of Bengal ravaged by the 2004 tsunami. Behind the long rows of single dwellings, built by the government to compensate fishermen who lost their homes, hunchback cows graze in vast, rotting piles of rubbish. The filthy sea estuary in the distance emits the sulphurous smells of poverty and sewage.

Here in this ravaged community of 2,500 people, The Observer found 51 women who have sold kidneys in the past six months to escape the pressures of loan sharks who preyed on them after the tsunami. The majority of donors are women in their twenties. The recipients are both Western and Indian, and rich.

'At least 80 people we know of have given their organs in recent months, most are women, but the figure may be 10 times as much,' says S Maria Silva, head of Ernavoor's tsunami fishermen's association. 'Our community is little more than a refugee camp, made up of eight tsunami-affected villages. After the tsunami we were moved to a temporary village known as Kargil Nagar, but it went up in flames and we were forced here, 14km [about nine miles] from our fishing boats. The fishermen here are literally washed up; they can't afford the commute to their boats. Their wives put food on the table now. They either sell firewood and coconut husks from dawn to dusk and still starve, or they sell their organs to keep heads above water.'

Before passing a series of laws attempting to ban the practice, India was the worst offender in the global organ trade. In cities such as Mumbai, foreigners could easily obtain transplants, although the level of medical care and likely success of the operation varied. The Indian government insists those days are gone, but the cash-for-kidneys business continues, mainly in small private hospitals where regulations are weak and technology plentiful. A hospital needs only a blood supply, dialysis machine and post-operative care facilities to carry out a transplant.

According to Dr Ravindranath Seppan, of the Chennai Doctors' Association for Social Equality, which campaigns against the trade, the situation is desperate. He said: 'Although India banned commercial trading in human organs in 1994, it is clear a lucrative underground market has emerged in Chennai's suburbs. India's rich are turning to India's poor to live longer, and as the economy grows this abominable situation will also grow.'

Dr Seppan points to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association where researchers surveyed 305 Indians who had sold their kidneys, and found 96 per cent had done so to pay off debts, but three-quarters remained in debt and 86 per cent said their health had seriously declined since the operation. The World Health Organisation issued guidelines in 1991 to avoid the exploitation of organ donors. They were endorsed by 192 countries, including the UK, but are not binding. And at least one country, Iran, has a legally regulated system to trade organs.

As health care increasingly becomes a marketplace transaction, a fierce debate about commercialising transplants has emerged. On one side are campaigners such as Dr Seppan, who believe the poor suffer, and on the other side many who believe that payments can only help the dire shortage of organs for those who desperately need them.

One of Britain's top kidney consultants, Dr Andy Stein, of Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry, called last week for the organ trade to be legalised, claiming that donors will suffer if it continues to go underground. As people live longer, increasing the demand for organs, supplies diminish, thanks to increased survival rates in intensive care units. Improved road safety has also cut the number of organs obtained from car crash victims. Frustrated by NHS waiting lists, unknown numbers of sick Britons go abroad to find brokers, some of whom offer kidneys illicitly harvested from slums in countries such as China, India, the Philippines and those in eastern Europe.

But the internet offers the easiest solution. In 2004, bids for a human kidney reached $5.7m on eBay, before the company shut the sale down. An eBay spokesman later admitted: 'From time to time, we get a kidney or a liver.' The company classes such sales in the same category as people who try to sell rocket launchers, and close down the site after informing the police.

Maria Silva and other women from Ernavoor, who complain of excruciating pain in the wake of operations, are now taking matters into their own hands. A fortnight ago, dozens of residents marched on the house of Prakesh Babu, a local broker responsible for 15 sales in the past four months, demanding his arrest.

V Mary, who sold her kidney through Babu, said: 'We don't expect him to resurface. He fled when we went to his home. Babu persuaded me to sell. I was paid 35,000 rupees (£460) and he told me he cut himself 8,000 rupees (£100), but I know he took 10 times as much.'

Mary's hut is a cramped room with a dirt floor, shared by a family of five. It is suffocating in the heat. She admits her estranged husband frittered away most of what was left on drink after the moneylender was paid.

Mary's neighbour, S Rani, 36, is clearly in pain. She sold her kidney to pay her 23-year-old daughter's debt to a local hospital. 'My daughter had a caesarean when she had my grandson and lost a lot of blood. She spent a month in hospital, running up a bill of 30,000 rupees. To make matters worse, my son-in-law's family was demanding a 20,000-rupee (£290) dowry debt and my husband had run away. I went to the hospital gates looking for a broker and I had the operation a month later in another hospital in Chennai. I woke up twice during the operation and was sent home after only two days with a handful of sedatives.'

She said: 'My broker was Shana Lakshmi. She once sold her own kidney and now she helps sell others. I was promised 1.5 lakh (£2,000) but only got 40,000. She paid me on the train platform on the way home, and I was in too much pain. I had to take what I was given. Now I can hardly walk.' Rani's daughter runs towards us waving her mother's medical files - written in English, which she can't read, asking me to translate.

In the fluorescent light of the dialysis ward of the Kaliappa hospital, feeble patients sit in armchairs hooked up to ancient fridge-sized machines that simulate the job of the kidney: it's a life-preserving process for people whose kidneys have failed, but they have to be connected three hours at a time, three days a week.

Outside the ward, Rana Vishnawatan, an elderly Indian businessman, drinks from a water fountain: 'My kidney is failing and I don't want to be one of those people in there getting my blood changed in and out of the machine like a car going for an oil change,' he says. 'Nor can I afford dialysis. You tell me, what choice do I have? My family is looking for a broker. Either one comes to me or I make one come. I don't have much time.'

'This system may seem horrendous to you, but it may not seem quite so bad when your family is starving in a gutter. The kidney business is not a trade - understand that - but a form of co-operation. It is not buying or selling. One person is dying of hunger. The other has money, but is on dialysis three or four times a week. If we all decide to cooperate, we can help save each other.'

From http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/15/stories/2007021519880200.htm

CHENNAI: A study of 150 couples on the Marina beach showed that 90 per cent of them thought an HIV/ AIDS test should be made mandatory before marriage.

The study was undertaken by the Madras Christian Council of Social Service to promote awareness of safe sex among couples and concern for one's partner.

About 60 percent of the group was aged 17-21 years, 30 percent from 20-26 years and the remaining 27 years and above.

Ironically, 85 per cent of the people interviewed said HIV/AIDS was not a concern among them as they enjoyed exclusivity. Premarital sex is still considered largely unacceptable (80 per cent said it was not ok). The council representatives approached the couples with Valentine Day cards with information about testing centres for AIDS.

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Meet

Inter-caste and inter-religious marriages must be encouraged to abolish the caste system and those couples must be provided with social security.

This was the bottom line of the conference hosted by the youth wing of the Doctors' Association For Social Equality recently in view of Valentine's Day.

Citing the recommendations of the Constitution Review Committee headed by M.N. Venkatachaliah, the association demanded that children of inter-caste marriages be provided reservation in education and employment.

In a press release, G.R. Ravindranath, general secretary of the association said such parents or their children aged above 18 must be provided with options of choosing their caste or declaring themselves as caste-free persons.

If either of the couple belonged to Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, they must be provided government employment and their children free school education. The Anjugam Ammaiyar memorial fund for inter-caste married couples must be raised to Rs.1 lakh from the present Rs.20,000.

DOCTORS’ ASSOCIATION FOR SOCIAL EQUALITY

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[Regd. No. 322/2004]

# 41, Chavadi Street, Pallavaram, Chennai – 600 043 Tamil Nadu.

Phone: 044 – 2264 2790, 2264 2845 Cell: 94441 83776

Email: daseindia@yahoo.com, daseindia@gmail.com Website: www.daseindia.org

    Date: 13-02-2007

PRESS RELEASE


Reservation should be provided in Less than 8 Seats too,

in PG Medical Education.

DASE Filed Writ Petition in Chennai High Court, Today (13-02-2007)

Regarding this Dr. G.R. Ravindranath, DASE, General Secretary has issued the following statements.

For PG Medical Courses Admissions Application have been issued and Entrance Examination is going to be held on 25.02.2007. In this prospectus it has been stated that Reservations are applicable only to the Disciplines which have 8 Seats and More than that. Due to that out of 46 Disciplines 31 Disciplines will go out of Reservation. It will be against Social Justice and Constitution of India.

In AIIMS, New Delhi Reservations are given on Rotation Basis even if the seat is 1 in number. Roaster System is followed in Kerala and in Various Departments in Tamil Nadu. In Tamil Nadu in PG Seats Service Quota Reservations are provided for Service Candidates even if the seats are 2 in number. So, Tamil Nadu Government should provide Reservation even if the seats are less than 8 in number, the petitioner Dr. G.R. Ravindranath, General Secretary, DASE has stated. High Court Judge Thirumathi Prabha Shreedevan has admitted the Writ Petition (W.P.No 4591/2007) and has ordered to issue Notices to the Health Secretary, Director of Medical Education and Selection Committee Secretary to respond.

The Case has been posted for hearing on 20-02-2007. Advocates C. Raghurajan, G.P.Arivuchudar appeared for the petitioner.

                    Yours truly,

                  (Dr. G.R. Ravindranath)

General Secretary - DASE





Doctors Association for Social Equality-Students Wing: Workshop on `Motivating inter-caste marriages and donation of human organs,' R. Nallakannu, national executive member of CPI, chief guest, K. Muthukumar, presides, Periyar Maaligai, Puthur, Tiruchi 10 a.m. on 11th Feb, 2007










தேதி: 04-02-2007
இதழ்ச் செய்தி
அரசு மருத்துவமனைகளில் கட்டண வார்டுகளை ஏற்படுத்துவது ஏழை நோயாளிகளை பாதிக்கும்.
மருத்துவ சேவையை தனியார் மயமாக்குவதை கைவிட வேண்டும்.
தமிழக அரசுக்கு சமூக சமத்துவத்திற்கான டாக்டர்கள் சங்கம் வேண்டுகோள்.

இது குறித்து இவ்வமைப்பின் பொதுச் செயலாளர் டாக்டர் ஜி.ஆர். இரவீந்திரநாத், மாநில பொருளாளர் டாக்டர் டி. மோகன், தஞ்சை மாவட்டச் செயலாளர் டாக்டர் ஜெ.சுதாகர், தஞ்சை மாவட்ட தலைவர் டாக்டர் நியூட்டன் ஆகியோர் தஞ்சை பத்திரிகையாளர் சந்திப்பில் விடுத்துள்ள இதழ்ச் செய்தி.

தனியாக புதிதாக கட்டிட வசதிகளையும் மருத்தவர்களையும், இதர ஊழியர்களையும் நியமிக்காமல் அரசு மருத்துவமனைகளில் கட்டண வார்டுகளை உருவாக்குவது ஏழை நோயாளிகளின் வாய்ப்புகளை பறிப்பதாக அமையும். எனவே இம்முடிவை தமிழக அரசு கைவிட வேண்டும்.

ஆரம்ப சுகாதார நிலையங்களின் சேவைகளை தனியார் மயமாக்கும் நோக்குடன் உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ள நோயாளிகள் நலச்சங்களை செயல்பட அனுமதிக்கக் கூடாது. அரசு மருத்துவமனைகளின் சேவைகளை தனியார் மயமாக்குவதை பொது மக்கள் நலனில் அக்கறையின்றி அரசு மருத்துவர்கள் சங்கத்தின் சில நிர்வாகிகள் சுயலாப நோக்குடன் ஆதரிப்பது வருந்தத்தக்கது. அரசு மருத்துவர்களின் ஊதியத்தை மத்திய அரசுக்கு இணையாக உயர்த்த வேண்டும், காலியாக உள்ள அனைத்து டீன் பதவிகளும் உடனடியாக நிரப்பப்பட வேண்டும், சிறுநீரக மோசடியால் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட மக்களுக்கு நிவாரணம் வழங்க வேண்டும், தவறு செய்த மருத்துவமனைகளின் உரிமங்கள் ரத்து செய்யப்பட வேண்டும், வரும்முன் காப்போம் திட்ட மருத்துவ முகாம் நிதியை வழங்குவதில் உள்ள முறைகேடுகளை கலைய வேண்டும் இம்முகாம்களுக்கு தனியாக மருத்துவர்களை MCI-யில் பதிவு மூப்பு அடிப்படையில் நிரந்தரமாக நியமிக்க வேண்டும்.

முதுநிலை மருத்துவக் கல்வியில் 8 இடங்கள் அல்லது அதற்கும் குறைவான இடங்கள் உள்ள படிப்புகளில் இடஒதுக்கீட்டை நடைமுறைப்படுத்த தமிழக அரச நடவடிக்கை எடுக்காததது வருந்தத்தக்கது.

முதுநிலை மருத்துவர்கள் நுழைவுத்தேர்வு முடிந்த உடனேயே தேர்வு எழுதியவற்கு விடைத்தாளின் கார்பன் நகலை வழங்க வேண்டும், அன்று மாலையே இணையதளத்தில் சரியான விடைகளை வெளியிட வேண்டும். சேவை மதிப்பெண்ணையும்இ நுழைத்தேர்வு மதிப்பெண்ணையும் தனித்தனியே குறிப்பிட்டு, மொத்த மதிப்பெண்களையும் வெளியிட வேண்டும். “ஆன்லைன் கவுன்சிலிங்” வசதியை ஏற்படுத்துவதோடு, காலியாக உள்ள அகில இந்திய ஒதுக்கீட்டு இடங்கள் மீண்டும் மாநில அரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டப் பின்னரே கவுன்சிலிங்-யை தொடங்க வேண்டும்

பயிற்சி மருத்துவர்கள் பட்டமேற்படிப்பு மாணவர்களின் பயிற்சி கால ஊதியத்தை உயர்த்த வேண்டும். முதலாமாண்டு மருத்துவக் கல்வியில் உள்ள பிரேக் சிஸ்டத்தை ரத்து செய்ய வேண்டும். தமிழில் தேர்வு எழுதவும், வாய்மொழி தேர்வில் தமிழில் பதில் அளிக்கவும் அனுமதி வழங்க வேண்டும். இரண்டு ஆண்டுகள் அரசு சேவையை முடித்த உடனேயே அரசு ஒதுக்கீட்டில் முதுநிலை மருத்துவக் கல்வி பயில வாய்ப்பளிக்க வேண்டும். தற்காலிகமாக பணியாற்றிய டாக்டர்களுக்கு பணியில் சேர்ந்த நாள் முதல் பணி மூப்பு வழங்க வேண்டும். பஞ்சாயத்து யூனியன் மருத்துவமனைகளில் பணியாற்றி அரசு மருத்துவர்களாகியுள்ள டாக்டர்களுக்கு பணியில் சேர்ந்த நாள் முதல் பணி மூப்பு வழங்கிட வேண்டும். மதுரை - சென்னை மாநகராட்சி தற்காலிக டாக்டர்களுக்கு பணி நிரந்தரம் வழங்கவேண்டுமென சமூக சமத்துவத்திற்கான டாக்டர்கள் சங்கம் தமிழக அரசைக் கேட்டுக் கொள்கிறது.

மருத்துவத் துறையை தனியார் மயமாக்கும் நோக்குடனும், கார்ப்ரேட் மருத்துவனைகள், பன்னாட்டு மருந்து உற்பத்தி நிறுவனங்கள், ஹெல்த் இன்சூரன்ஸ் கம்பெனிகள், மருத்துவ உபகரணங்கள் தயார் செய்யும் நிறுவனங்களின் நலன்களுக்கேற்ப உலக வர்த்தக நிறுவனத்தின் நிர்பந்தத்தால் 2002ல் ஆண்டில் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட இந்திய மக்கள் நலவாழ்வு கொள்கையில் நமது நாட்டு மக்களின் நலன்களுக்கேற்ப மாற்றங்களை கொண்டு வர வேண்டும். மருந்து பொருட்களின் விலை உயர்வை கட்டுப்படுத்த வேண்டும்.

அகில இந்திய ஒதுக்கீட்டு இடங்களிலும், DNBீ படிப்புகளிலும் மத்திய அரசு இடஒதுக்கீட்டை நடைமுறைப்படுத்த வேண்டும். கட்டாய ஓராண்டு கிராமப்புற சேவை என்ற பெயரில் புதிய வேலைவாய்ப்புகளை ஒழித்துக் கட்டக்கூடாது. டாக்டர்களுக்கு சேவை வரி விதிக்கக் கூடாது. இன்றைய தேவைக்கேற்ப புதிய அரசியல் சட்டம் உருவாக்குப்படுவது வரவேற்கத்தக்கது. அனைவருக்கும் கல்வி - வேலை - மருத்துவ சேவை - நலவாழ்வு என்பது புதிய அரசியல் சட்டத்தில் அடிப்படை உரிமையாக்கப்பட வேண்டுமென சமூக சமத்துவத்திற்கான டாக்டர்கள் சங்கம் மத்திய அரசை கேட்டுக் கொள்கிறது.

இப்படிக்கு
(டாக்டர் ஜி.ஆர். இரவீந்திரநாத்)
பொதுச் செயலாளர்.

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